According to the fact of the obvious positive externality of fixed-asset investment,the analyz-ing results of a model based upon mobility of factors among sectors indicate that even government takes an unbalanced developing strategy,and that the positive externality of fixed-asset investment concentrated in one sector could not only increase marginal return of private investment in this sector,but also improve such return in other sector,which would facilitate optimization of economic structure in the long run. Mean-while,the empirical test based on Chinese provincial panel data from 1985 to 2013 suggests that fixed-as-set investment could dramatically optimize economic structure and FDI,mobility of labor and international trade could be an obstacle of optimization of economic structure,which implicates that government not only avails itself of fixed-asset investment to optimize economic structure,but also makes fixed-asset investment give a crowding-in effect to private capital to optimize resource allocation,which would combine all kinds of factors to optimize economic structure.%源自固定资产投资具有显著正外部性的事实，一个基于部门间要素自由流动的模型分析结果显示，即使政府采取非均衡发展战略，让固定资产投资项目集中在某一部门，其正外部性不但会提高该部门私人投资的边际收益率，而且还会通过外溢效应释放其正外部性，使得其他部门的资本边际收益率得到提高，这在长期内自然会促进经济结构优化。同时，基于中国1985-2013年的省级面板数据的实证检验结果显示，固定资产投资可以显著优化经济结构，而FDI、劳动力流动和进出口贸易则恰好相反。这就意味着，政府不仅应该利用固定资产投资来优化经济结构，而且还应充分发挥固定资产投资对私人投资的挤入效应，优化资源配置，让各种因素协同促进经济结构优化。
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