基于改进遗传算法的岛礁区航路规划模型

摘要

为解决船舶穿过岛礁区时危险度大、航行难、航路规划复杂等问题,提出应用实数路径点编码配合采取精英保留策略的遗传算法.考虑船舶的转向困难性、航程、人为指定经过路径点以及船舶安全性,建立适应度函数评价模型.在电子海图平台上提取障碍物特征多边形顶点坐标,规划出最佳航路.该算法能解决多约束条件下的多目标优化问题.对舟山岛礁区进行实例验证.结果表明,改进后的遗传算法能够解决岛礁区的复杂航路规划问题,且实现简单,收敛速度较快,也不易陷入局部极小值.随着自动控制技术的不断发展,可为船舶在岛礁区的自主航行提供理论支持.%In order to solve the problems of high risk,difficult navigation and complicated route planning for ships through the island and reef areas,a genetic algorithm is proposed using the real path point coding and the elite reservation strategy.Considering the ship steering difficulty,sailing range,designated path points and ship safety,the fitness function evaluation model is established.Based on the electronic chart system,vertex coordinates of characteristic polygons of obstacles are extracted,and the optimal path is planned.The algorithm can solve the multi-objective optimization issues under multi-constraints.The Zhoushan island and reef area are taken for example.The results show that,the improved genetic algorithm is feasible for the complicated route planning problem of island and reef areas,is of easy implementation and faster convergence,and is not easy to be lost into the local minimum.With the development of automatic control technology,it can provide theoretical support for the autonomous navigation of ships through the island and reef areas.