论转会的概念及转会制度的本质属性

摘要

Concept is not only a tool to deepen understanding,but also a ladder of thinking develop-ment.The turnover of athletes and frequent dispute gave birth to sports professionalism in China, which makes transfer in the real sense.Multiple interpretations of Chinese "transfer"and diversifi-cation of concept definition mean that it is impossible to define the concept of transfer exactly.Only according to the specific circumstances of study can the essence of transfer be grasped.The interpre-tation of transfer concept is explained in the surface layer and deep layer.The former views transfer as a flow behavior of changed place of players,while the latter takes transfer as a legal action or eco-nomic behavior.Transfer as a special term is part of athletes flowing.The transfer system is defined as a rule set that restricts the flowing behavior,legal action and economic behavior of professional clubs and players.The essential attributes of transfer system includes economic consequences,polit-ical procedure and inclination of rule by law.%概念既是认识深化的工具，又是思维发展的阶梯。运动员的流动实践与纠纷频发催生了中国体育职业化，使真正意义上的转会登上了中国历史舞台。“transfer”汉语的多重解释以及概念界定的多样化都意味着对转会进行较为确切、统一的概念界定并不现实，只能根据具体研究情境才能确切的把握转会的实质内涵。转会概念的解释可分为表层解释与深层解释，前者仅仅将转会认定为一种运动员效力地点变更的流动行为，而后者则把转会视为一种法律行为或经济行为。转会是职业体育的专用术语，是运动员流动的一部分，二者属于种属关系。转会制度是指约束职业俱乐部与运动员的流动行为、法律行为以及经济行为的规则集合。经济后果属性、政治化程序属性以及法治化倾向属性是转会制度的本质属性。