晚清使西日记中的体育记载研究

摘要

With the methods of literature review and logical analysis, the author has made a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the writings by ambassadors to the West in the late Qing Dynasty, found out and classified the records about "sports". Studies suggest that the recordings have documented a wide range of projects, almost all of which have never been heard or known by the Chinese people at that time; the investigation was complete, covering the recordings on the sports rules, fields and equipment;there was cultural conflict with subjective color in the recordings. The role of the recordings in introducing the West modern sports is mainly reflected in three aspects;first, implement aspect:it is the initial translation of Western modern sport, the earliest introduction of Western modern sports technology and rules, and the earliest detailed inspection in Western modern sports equipment;second, institutional level:it is a seeking for physical education system;third, ideological level:it is the early spread of powerful sports ideology, and an early advocate of women emancipation.%运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对晚清时期使西人员的撰著进行了全面系统的分析，查找出著述中有关“体育”的记载，并进行归纳与分类。研究认为：晚清使西日记中体育记载的项目种类繁多；悉数为国人闻所未闻；考察全面，包括对规则、场地器材的记述；文化冲突，含有主观色彩。晚清使西日记在引进西方近代体育中的作用主要体现在三个方面。器物层面：西方近代体育项目的最初译介；西方近代体育技术、规则的最早传入；西方近代体育场地器材的最早详细考察。制度层面：体育教育体制的求索。思想层面：强种强国体育思想的早期传播；妇女解放思想的早期倡导。