青藏高原是地球的“第三极”,是全球海拔最高的生物地理单元.由于其高、寒、旱的生物环境特征,高寒生态系统对气候变化和人类活动非常敏感,为全球变化研究提供了天然的实验室,一直受到国内外专家重视,是生态学和全球变化研究的热点区域.青藏高原生态学研究经历了从朴素认识到机理研究的理论升华,从生物地理格局的科学考察到生态学机理定位研究的范式转变,从个体、群落到生态系统及多学科综合研究的尺度延伸,以及从理论研究到支撑资源有效利用与可持续发展的发展轨迹.今后青藏高原生态系统研究将更加聚焦于量化辨识气候变暖和人类活动对生态系统的影响,以及高原生态系统对气候变化的反馈作用研究.加强与自然地理、环境科学和遥感技术多学科、多技术、模型融合的交叉与集成研究,服务于气候变化的适应及生态-社会系统的可持续发展.%The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the highest biogeographic unit on earth and widely regarded as its ‘third pole’.The high-altitude,frigid and arid alpine ecosystems that form the Plateau are extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbance.Unsurprisingly,the Plateau is therefore a global epicenter of ecological and global change research and provides the ideal conditions and context to study the impacts of global change.Ecological research conducted on the Plateau can be partitioned into four developmental and chronological phases,beginning with the gathering of primitive knowledge and progressing towards a description of mechanistic processes.Throughout the course of Plateau research paradigm shifts from standalone surveys of biogeographic patterns to fixed monitoring and mechanism research;from isolated population,community and ecosystem approaches to more integrated,multidisciplinary research;and from pure theoretical research to an emphasis on effective resource utilization and sustainable development.Future ecological research will likely pay increasing attention to quantifying the impacts of climate warming and human activity on ecosystem change,and climate and ecosystem feedback processes.Multidisciplinary and comprehensive research should be strengthened amongst fields such as ecosystem ecology,physical geography,environmental science and remote sensing in order to support climate change adaptation and sustainable development in this fragile and unique region.
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