In the Miao insurgence of the Qianlong and Jiaqing (1795-1797) periods, the Qing dynasty government suppressed and calmed it down with one hundred eighty thousand armed forces of seven provinces, which spent a huge sum of military expenditure. However, Why the Qing dy-nasty government could not put down the insurgence and suffered a setback in the initial stage? Though the analyses of the historical documents, the author holds that setbacks of Qing dynasty government were the result of a combination of factors. The internal causes were that the army battle effec-tiveness was weak and hurried commanding, and the Qing dynasty government was unfamiliar and maladjusted to local environment and climate as well. The external causes were that the Miao formed a tight organizational strength under the indigenous culture. Learning a lesson from history, we should look into the ethnic living environment and indigenous culture to deal with ethnic relationships well and maintain harmony and stability in mi-nority areas.%乾嘉苗民起事中，清政府调动七省十八万兵力，花费巨额军费实施镇压平定了起事。然而，为什么起事初清政府在战场上处于失利状态，不能迅速蒇事？本文通过档案史料记载分析，认为这是多种因素综合作用的结果。其内部原因主要是清政府军队战斗力衰弱、调度指挥的慌乱，而且军队对战地环境、气候不适应，外部原因在于起事苗民以内部文化为基础形成牢固的组织力量。以史为鉴，必须深入了解一个民族的生存环境与历史文化，才能更好地处理好民族关系，维护民族地区和谐稳定。
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