跨理论模型健康教育对冠心病吸烟患者控烟的效果观察

摘要

目的 探讨跨理论模型健康教育对冠心病吸烟患者控烟效果.方法 便利选取武汉市某三级甲等医院心内科住院的冠心病吸烟患者139例,应用跨理论模型健康教育进行控烟,评估干预前、干预1个月末、3个月末及6个月末患者自我效能、控烟行为阶段及每日吸烟支数改变情况.结果 冠心病患者干预前、干预1个月末、3个月末及6个月末自我效能得分差异具有统计学意义(F=18.462,P<0.001),随着干预时间延长,冠心病患者自我效能得分越高;随着健康教育干预时间的延长,处于前意向、意向阶段人数减少,而准备、行动、维持阶段人数上升,患者每日吸烟支数也有明显减少(P<0.01).结论 跨理论模型健康教育可以有效提高冠心病吸烟患者自我效能水平,促进控烟行为阶段由低到高改变,降低患者每日吸烟支数.%Objective To explore the effect of transtheoretical model-based health education on tobacco control in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Totally 139 cases of smoking patients with CHD were selected from a Class Ⅲ GradeⅠhospital in Wuhan city by convenient sampling. The transtheoretical model was applied in health education for smoking control. Patients'self-efficacy,tobacco control behavior and daily cigarette consumption were evaluated before intervention,1 month,3 and 6 months after the intervention. Results Patients'self-efficacy score was statistically significant before intervention,1 month,3 and 6 months after the intervention (F=18.462, P<0.001). The score of self-efficacy increased as time prolonged. With the progress of the intervention, more patients were in the stage of preparation, action and maintenance while less in the stage of precontemplation and contemplation and there was significantly less daily cigarette consumption (P<0.001). Conclusion Health education based on the transtheoretical model can effectively improve the self-efficacy of smoking patients with CHD, promote the change of tobacco control behavior and reduce patients'daily cigarette consumption.