砧木、接穗的选择对美国山核桃嫁接成活率及生长的影响

摘要

Annual Carya illinoensis seedlings were used as stock to carry out grafting, in which the scions were picked from a scion nursery. Effects of applying different parts of the scions and different diameters of the stocks on the survival rate and the growth of grafted seedlings were examined. It was observed that 1)grafting survival rate was the lowest for top section grafting and the highest for middle section grafting; 2) the smaller the difference between the diameters of rootstocks and scions, the higher the grafting survival rate, and vice versa; 3) the thicker the rootstock diameter is the higher the growth rate of the grafted seedlings; 4) the ground diameter of the stocks and the grafting diameter showed no difference on the success of the graft. It was concluded that by choosing appropriate stocks and scions, we can greatly improve the survival rate of grafting, and provide good quality of grafted seedlings.%以1年生山核桃实生苗为砧木,从美国山核桃采穗圃中采集优良穗条,按照接穗不同部位,砧木不同径级进行嫁接.通过对嫁接成活率以及苗木成活后生长情况的比较分析,结果表明:1)顶端穗条嫁接成活率最低,中部穗条嫁接成活率最高；2)砧木与接穗粗度差异越小嫁接成活率越高,差异越大则嫁接成活率越低；3)砧木越粗,嫁接后苗高生长越快,但对地径和嫁接口径并无显著影响.因此,选择适宜的砧木和穗条能够大大提高嫁接成活率,提供优质的嫁接苗.