野生绵枣儿的花粉活力与柱头可授性

摘要

The experiment was conducted to study pollen and stigma morphology,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Scilla scilloides in Changbai Mountains,China.The relationships between pollen viability,stigma receptivity and pollination success were also analyzed.The anther of Scilla scilloides started cracking when exposed in air after 20 to 40 min.S.scilloides was single pollen with one germination ditch.The best medium for pollen germination was ME3+ 10 g · L-1 Sucrose+0.3 g · L-1 H3BO4+0.2 g · L-1 Ca(NO3)2.Pollen viability was about 80％ at initial time of florescence and the full flowering period,but the value was only about 20％ at the end of florescence.Survival time of pollen is 3 d at 4 ℃.The value is 2 d at 25 ℃,and 1 d at 35 ℃.Stigma had receptivity ability before anthers loose powder and stigma receptivity was strongest after flowering 1-2 d.Effective pollen and stigma can have 1-d meeting period,but during the period of stigma receptivity is not very strong which provides the opportunity for cross-pollination.%以引种的野生绵枣儿(Scilla scilloides)为研究对象,对其进行花粉和柱头形态观察、花粉活力检测方法的筛选,同时研究了花粉活力和柱头可授性,探讨了两者与授粉成功的关系.结果表明:绵枣儿花药暴露于空气中20～ 40 min便开始开裂,花粉为单粒花粉,有1个萌发沟.最适花粉萌发培养液成分为ME3+10 9·L-1蔗糖+0.3g·L-1硼酸+0.2g·L-1硝酸钙,始花期与盛花期的花粉活力在80％左右,末花期仅为20％左右.花粉在4℃条件下存活时间约为3d,25℃条件下存活时间为2d,而在35℃条件下存活时间只有1d.柱头在散粉前就已经具备可授性,在开花后1～2d可授性最强.有效花粉与柱头可有1d的相遇期,但相遇期内柱头可授性不是很强,为异花传粉提供了机会.