microRNA是长约19到25单位的内生性的微小RNA,它通过与靶信使RNA的3'UTR的特异性结合从而调节靶基因的表达.大量的试验证明了其在肿瘤的发生发展中microRNA发挥了重大的作用.近年来,在血清中发现了稳定存在的microRNA,而对microRNA的研究主要聚焦在血清microRNA与疾病的关系上.通过对患者和正常血清microRNA的检测和对比后,发现了一批可以用于肿瘤临床检测的microRNA.作为新的检测生物标志物,血清microRNA具有方便、快捷以及较高的准确性等优点,甚至可以区分在临床很难诊断的早期肿瘤,诸如非小细胞肺癌、胃癌以及胰腺癌.%MicroRNAs, the endogenous non-coding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25 nucleotides in length, regulates target gene expression through specifically binding to complementary sequences in the 3' UTR of target mRNA. A variety of evidences show that microRNAs in various tissues have been associated with cancers. Recently, the studies on microRNAs focus on the relations between the serum microRNA which is stable in serum and diseases. After testing the serum samples from the patients and the controls, some serum microRNAs have been discovered, which could be used as the new biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis. As a new biomarker, serum microRNA could be the biomarker for early-stage cancer, such as non-small-cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc.
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