辽西大凌河流域人工沙棘林的水文效应

摘要

利用在辽西大凌河流域设置的径流小区观测点，对人工沙棘（ Hippophae rhamnoides）林的水文效应进行了3 a的定位观测。结果表明：2009-2011年6月人工沙棘林树冠平均截留量为76．05 mm，平均截留率为32．28％。人工沙棘林中凋落物平均截留量为48．5 mm，平均截留率为20．8％。人工沙棘林中年均径流深为0．89 mm，侵蚀量为0．76 t· km-2，林地内径流深约为荒地的1/50。林地内土壤理化性质，除土壤密度外，0～20 cm土层的总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和含水率和非毛管蓄水量都高于＞20～40 cm土层；人工沙棘林土壤中有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾质量分数显著高于荒地；pH、全磷和速效磷在不同土壤类型和不同土壤深度中无显著差异。人工沙棘林土壤中非毛管蓄水量是荒地的200％。%Using the runoff observation points set in Daling River Basin of the Three-North Regions ( North China, Northeast China and Northwest China ) , we observed the hydrologic effects of Hippophae rhamnoides forests with fixed-points from 2009 to June, 2011.The average canopy interception quantity of H.rhamnoides forests in three years is 76.05 mm with the average interception rate of 32.28%.The average interception quantity and rate of litter are 48.5 mm and 20.8%, re-spectively.Annual runoff depth and the amount of erosion in H.rhamnoides forests are 0.893 mm and 0.76 t· km2, 1/50 of wastelands.The physical-chemical property of soil in H.rhamnoides forests, besides thesoil bulk density, the content oforganic matter, total nitrogen, totalpotassium and available potassium in soil of H.rhamnoides forests are higher than those in wastelands significantly.The total porosity, non-capillary porosity, saturated moisture content and non-capillary water demand in 0-20 cm horizon are much higher than those in 20-40 cm horizon, and non-capillary water demand in soil of H.rhamnoides forests is about two times than that in wastelands.While, there are no significant difference between pH, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in different types and depths of soil.