浑河上游4种典型水源林土壤物理性质及其水源涵养功能

摘要

The study was conducted by soil cutting ring to investigated the soil physical properties and water conservation function of four typical conservation forest in upper reaches of Hunhe River.Resuhs showed that soil physical properties of mixed forest were better than those of Larix kaempferi plantation and Quercus liaotungensis natural secondary forest.The total soil porosities of four types vary from 48.41％ to 69.07％,and the sequence of total average porosity value from high to low is Juglans mandshurica-Acer mono Maxim-Fraxinus rhynchophylla mixed forest (65.22％) ＞ Abies holophylla Maxim-Betula platyphflla-Amur Maackia mixed forest (61.45％) ＞ L.kaempferi plantation (53.90％) ＞ Q.liaotungensis natural secondary forest (50.89％).The soil maximum average water-holding capacity,average capillary-holding water capacity and average noncapillary-holding water capacity of different forest type from high to low were Juglans mandshurica-Acer mono Maxim-Fraxinus rhynchophylla mixed forest (1 304.45,908.78 and 395.67 t · hm-2) ＞ Abies holophylla Maxim-Betula platyphylla Maackia amurehsis mixed forest (1 252.51,905.26 and 347.26 t · hm-2) ＞ L.kaempferi plantation (1 136.15,832.12 and 304.04 t · hm-2) ＞ Q.liaotungensis natural secondary forest (1 057.27,817.88 and 239.40 t · hm-2).Study results showed that the soil total porosity and maximum water-holding capacity of mixed forest are higher than those of L.kaempferi plantation and Q.liaotungensis natural secondary forest.Soil water storage capacity and the soil water conservation function can be improved in forests mixed with more than two species.%采用环刀法对浑河上游4种典型水源涵养林的土壤物理性质及其水源涵养功能进行了研究.结果表明:混交林的土壤物理性质和水源涵养功能明显好于日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)纯林和辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)天然次生林.4种林分不同土层的土壤总孔隙度为48.41％ ～69.07％,土壤总孔隙度平均值由大至小的顺序为核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)—色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.)—花曲柳(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)混交林(65.22％)＞冷杉(Abies holophylla Maxim.)—白桦(Betula platyphylla)—怀槐(Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim.)混交林(61.45％)＞日本落叶松纯林(53.90％)＞辽东栎天然次生林(50.89％).不同林分土壤平均最大持水量、平均毛管持水量和平均非毛管持水量大小依次为核桃楸—色木槭—花曲柳混交林(1 304.45、908.78、395.67 t·hm-2)＞冷杉—白桦—怀槐(1 252.51、905.26、347.26t· hm-2)＞日本落叶松纯林(1 136.15、832.12、304.04 t·hm-2)＞辽东栎天然次生林(1 057.27、817.88、239.40 t·hm-2).研究表明,核桃楸—色木槭—花曲柳混交林、冷杉—白桦—怀槐混交林土壤的总孔隙度和最大持水量高于辽东栎天然次生林和日本落叶松纯林,多树种混交增加了土壤持水能力,提高了土壤水源涵养功能.