二月兰访花昆虫种类及其访花行为1）

摘要

We investigated the species and visiting behavior of flower-visiting insects on Orychophragmusv iolaceus by means of collecting, identification, video and image capture from March 5 to May 15, 2013 in Nanjing.Twenty-three species were exactly identified and classified into 5 orders and 13 families.The main taxa of visiting insects were Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Apis cerana, Xylocopa appendicual ta, Biul na tranquabarorum, Xylocpoa rufipes, Anthophora melanog-natha, Episyrphus balteatus and Pieris napi were dominant species.Their diurnal visiting activities were grouped into single peak and double peak at time intervals through daytime.The tripping frequency of A.melanognatha was the highest and that of A.cerana was the lowest.The tripping frequency of X.Appendiculata, B.Tranquabarorum, X.Rufipes during blos-som period was higher than blossom end, A.melanognatha and A.cerana had lower tripping frequency during blossom peri-od.Among main flower visiting insects, the standing time of A.melanognatha was the shortest, and that of A.cerana was the longest.%为了解南京地区早春植物二月兰（ Orychophragmus violaceus）的访花昆虫种类及其行为特点，采用捕捉、鉴定、视频、图像采集等方法，对二月兰访花昆虫的种类、访花行为进行了调查研究。结果表明：二月兰的访花昆虫有23种，分别隶属5目、13科，其中东方蜜蜂（ Apis cerana）、黄胸木蜂（ Xly ocopa appendiculata）、长木蜂（ Biluna tranquabarorum）、赤足木蜂（Xylocopa rufipes）、黑颚条蜂（Anthophora mle anognatha）、黑带食蚜蝇（Episyrphus baltea-tus）及暗脉菜粉蝶（ Piersi naip ）为主要访花昆虫；它们的日活动规律分为单峰型和双峰型2种；黑颚条蜂弹花频率最高，东方蜜蜂的弹花频率最低；黄胸木蜂、长木蜂以及赤足木蜂在开花盛期的弹花频率高于开花末期，东方蜜蜂和黑颚条蜂在开花末期的弹花频率高于开花盛期；黑颚条蜂的每花停留时间最短，东方蜜蜂的停留时间最长。