青少年与成人固定正畸患者牙周状况的对比研究

摘要

目的：探讨青少年与成人固定正畸患者牙周健康状况特点。方法随机选择中等拥挤的青少年与成人固定正畸患者各20例，在矫治前和矫治第1、6和12个月时，对其进行牙龈指数、菌斑指数和牙石指数的检查。结果青少年患者牙龈指数、菌斑指数在矫治后1、6、12个月时，较治疗前均明显升高（P＜0.01），而3个时点间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；牙石指数在矫治后6、12个月时开始逐渐明显升高（P＜0.01）。成人患者牙龈指数在矫治后6、12个月时明显升高（P＜0.01），而2个时点间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；菌斑指数在矫治后1、6、12个月时，与治疗前相比逐渐升高（P＜0.01），而在治疗6、12月之间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；牙石指数在矫治后1个月时，与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），治疗6、12个月时开始逐渐明显升高（P＜0.01）。与青少年患者相比，固定正畸治疗前，成人牙石指数较高（P＜0.01），而牙龈指数、菌斑指数比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；治疗1个月时，成人牙龈指数、菌斑指数较低（P＜0.05），而牙石指数值较高（P＜0.01）；治疗6、12月时，成人牙龈指数、菌斑指数均低于青少年（P＜0.01），而牙石指数比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论正畸治疗前均应进行龈上洁治，在治疗中尤其应加强青少年患者的卫生宣教，同时尽量缩短患者的治疗时间，以减少矫治过程中对牙周健康的损害。%Objective To compare the periodontal status between adolescent and adult patients with fixed appliances. Methods Forty adolescent and adult patients with moderately crowding under the fixed ap-pliances treatment were selected randomly. Plaque index (PI ), gingival index (GI ) and calculus index (CI)were examined and compared among the initial,1 st,6th and 1 2th months of treatment. Results After the fixed appliance treatment to adolescent patients,the GI and PI were significantly increased (P <0.01 ), whereas there was no significant difference in the two groups (P>0.05 ). The PI began grow after treatment in 1 st,6th and 1 2th month (P<0.01 ),whereas there was no significant difference in the index in 6th and 1 2th month (P>0.05 ). The difference between CI in the initial and the 1 st month was not significant (P>0.05 ), and the CI began to increase in 6 th month (P<0.01 ). Compared to adolescent patients,the CI of adult was higer before the treatment (P<0.01 ),but the GI and PIwere approaching (P>0.05 ). After 1 st month,the GI and PI began to be lower (P<0.01 ),but the CI stated in the same (P<0.01 ). In the 6th and 1 2th month,the GI and PI began to be lower (P<0.01 ) but the CI was not different (P>0.05 ). Conclusion Supragingival scaling is necessary for the orthodontic patients,oral hygiene education should be reinforced for adolescent patients during the treatment and the treatment period should be shortened as possible as we can.