新型铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统优化设计

摘要

铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统利用铝水燃烧产生的热量来加热水产生高温气流带动涡轮做功从而产生动力,研究表明其具有较高的能量密度.在原混合动力系统基础上,提出三种新的系统方案,分别对其建立数学模型并进行求解,得到并比较各个系统方案净输出功率、能量密度、系统效率等性能参数.计算结果表明:采用直接返回的高温气流与铝进行反应,虽然提高了水蒸气温度,但系统性能有所下降;增加蒸发器和固体换热器系统后充分利用固体氧化剂的热量,使得系统性能提升;采用双燃烧室加壁面冷却换热构型,减少了高温压缩机组件且解决了燃烧室热防护问题,同时系统性能有所提升.研究结果可为今后铝水燃烧无人水下航行器混合动力系统总体设计提供参考.%The unmanned underwater vehicle hybrid propulsion system exploits the exothermic reaction between aluminum and water which will produce high temperature, pressure steam and hydrogen mixture that can be used to drive turbine to generate power.The research shows that this system has high energy density.Three new system configurations corresponding to different working cycles were investigated respectively, and their performance parameters in terms of net power, energy density and global efficiency were discussed.The results of the simulation show that the reaction between the direct return of high temperature steam and the aluminum enhances the temperature of steam,and the system′s performance is reduced.An evaporator component and a solid heat exchanger are added into system in order to make full use of the solid product heat,and so the system performance is improved.The addition of double combustion chamber and wall cooling structure avoid the design of the high temperature compressor component on one hand, and solve the thermal protection of the combustion chamber on the other hand,which brings the improvement of the system performance.The results can provide useful information for the overall design of the unmanned underwater vehicle hybrid propulsion system.