具身认知科学对传统认知科学的元理论突破

摘要

As a new approach, embodied cognitive science has contributed a lot to the breakthroughs in cognitive science. Particularly in terms of the meta-theory, it rises above the body-mind dualism which was the ontological basis of first generation cognitive science by advancing its body-mind monism and a dialectically unified theory. Its major theoretical contributions are also well reflected in the fol-lowing claims:human beings are not animals and machines, for they have intentionality and embodi-ment that animals and machines do not have;they are able to question and reflect on the significance of their existence and life in order to transform their mode of behavior. In addition, it replaces linguis-tic philosophy and logic positivism by pragmatic philosophy and mind philosophy. It is these break-throughs in meta-theory that enable embodied cognitive science to construct a new theoretic system and make breakthroughs in theory, methodology, research field and concrete research methods.%作为认知科学的一个新取向，具身认知科学对传统认知科学有很大的突破。其中在元理论上，突破第一代认知科学作为思想基础的身心二元论，取而代之的是身心一体论和身心辨证统一论；突破人是机器的基本论断，提出人是人，与动物和机器不同，具有机器和动物所不具有的意向性和具身性，能够提问，能够沉思他们存在的意义，能够批判地反省其生命的意义，以使其行为方式发生变革；突破语言学哲学尤其是其重要理论形态逻辑实证主义，以心智哲学为指导思想。正是元理论突破，使得具身认知科学建构了与传统认知科学不同的体系，在理论、方法论、研究领域和研究方法等诸多方面都有新的突破。