明中后期诗坛与地域文化概观

摘要

In the mid- to late-Ming Dynasty, two regional cultures competed with each other for the leadership in poetic circles: one was the Qi culture with fourteen famous poets as its representatives ( known as the former and later “Seven Masters”);the other was the Chu culture with the poets from the Gong’an School and Jingling School as its major supporters. However, the Wu culture, though comparatively weak, also occupied a pivotal position in that period. Though affiliated with the camp of the former “Seven Masters”, Xu Zhenqing, a poet from the central Wu region, maintained the fea-tures of Wu culture in his works. The same is true with Wang Shizhen from Taicang area, though he was the leader of the later“Seven Masters”. Qian Qianyi, the editor of Lie-chao shi-ji列朝诗集( An-thology of the Poetry in the Past) , tried to protect the Wu culture when compiling this great work. The various competitions and endeavors in that period indicate that the poetic creation and study were in a sustained interaction with the regional cultures.%明中后期，以前、后七子为代表的齐文化与以公安、竟陵为代表的楚文化相互争雄，而相对弱势的吴文化则始终与齐、楚文化并飚诗坛。吴中徐祯卿加盟于前七子复古阵营，却固守其吴文化属性；太仓王世贞作为后七子领袖，但其吴音不改；钱谦益力纂《列朝诗集》，旨在保护吴文化传统。明中后期诗坛上此起彼伏的诗学纷争说明了地域文化之间永远处于碰撞冲突和交汇融合的过程中。