Modern state governance system usually contains four essential elements:value,system, organization and mechanism,among which value constitutes the ideological foundation for the whole system and determines the direction,focus and priorities of governance development. Therefore,it is necessary to explore the value orientation in modernizing the governance system. Through a retrospec-tive historical analysis,we find that both China and western countries show a developmental logic of transition from the“state ruling / management system”to a“sate governance system”,and the value orientation in this process follows a path of giving priority to public interests (or a path of public inter-est-orientedness). At present,China puts forward the strategic goal of“state governance system mod-ernization”,which does not only mean a modernization reform of the governance system,ways and means,but also shows a historical process of turning the idea of giving priority to public interests into actual practice (i. e. turning the superficial public interest-orientedness into a substantial one). As to the actual situation in our country,governance system modernization should take the unity of value and technology as its methodological premise,the“cooperative governance”as its goal,and the social jus-tice as the principle of action. All this will pave a way for a modernized governance system character-ized by the balance between authority and freedom and the unity between value and technology.%现代化的国家治理体系必然包含着价值、制度、组织与机制四种要素。其中，价值赋予了整个治理体系灵魂性根基，决定了治理发展的方向、重心与次序。因此，有必要从价值维度来探求国家治理体系现代化所蕴含的价值诉求。通过历时性回溯分析，可以看到中西方国家都呈现出“国家统治/管理体系”向“国家治理体系”转型的发展逻辑，而蕴含在这一过程中的价值导向则是一条趋向“公共性”的路径。当前，我国提出“国家治理体系现代化”的战略目标，不仅意味着我国治理制度、方式和手段的现代化变革，更昭示着治理的公共性价值从“形式”走向“实质”的历史进程。就我国实际情况而言，国家治理体系现代化应以价值与技术的统一为方法论前提，以“合作共治”为目标愿景，以社会公正为行动原则，进而谋求平衡价值与技术、权威与自由相统一的现代化治理路径。
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