“文革”与当代先锋写作--先锋作家的文革叙事策略及文学价值

摘要

The vanguard novels in the mid 1980 s differ from the previous ones on the Cultural Revolu-tion in the narrative strategy and thematic orientation. These novels are no longer the confirmation and echo of the mainstream discourse and do not take revelation and criticism of negative sides in the socie-ty as their value orientation any more. In terms of narrative strategy,the Cultural Revolution,which was once the main plot and theme of macro history-styled narrative,has been transformed into the background of the novels and into a history of absurd distortions and deformations:a realist description of Culture Revolution has given way to an exploration of the psychological,allegorical and symbolic di-mensions of the movement. In terms of the value orientation,the vanguard writers focus on the exami-nation of the trauma and stress inflicted by the Cultural Revolution,and thus the cultural memory and trauma of a generation in a specific historical period has been constructed in the form of absurd carni-val words and metaphorically polysemous texts.%1980年代中期出现的先锋小说，其“文革”叙事具有明显区别于此前小说的叙事策略和精神指向。先锋小说主题层面不再是印证、附和主流话语规范，不再以揭露和批判为价值旨归。在叙事策略上，作为大历史和故事主要情节的文革，逐步过渡为小说的背景或荒诞变形的历史，文革由写实转向心理化、寓言化和象征化。在价值意义上，先锋作家的叙述重心与叙述意图落在对特定历史背景下人的文革创伤心理与精神困境的深度开掘上，通过荒诞狂欢的语词与隐喻多义的文本，建构了一代人真实的文化记忆与心理创伤。