心理治疗中的医患关系与身心修养

摘要

One of the main factors influencing psychotherapy is the therapist’s taking his client as a person and thus forming a person-to-person relationship rather than a doctor-to-patient relationship. The philosophy behind this relationship is dependent on the therapist’s improvement of his own personal cultivation. The physical-psychological cultivation methods of ancient China,such as Mengzi’s notions of 扩充kuochong(literally to filling out) and养气yangqi(literally to cultivate the noble spirit),Zhuangzi’s虚而待物xu’erdaiwu(literally to empty one’s mind of one’s egoistic presumptions when treating things),and Laozi’s无为wuwei(literally non-doing),can contribute to the improvement of the psychotherapist’s confidence in humanity,listening to the patients without preoccupation and using power properly.%影响心理治疗疗效的主要因素是治疗家将来访者视为一个人从而形成“人与人”而非“医生与病人”的关系。此态度又取决于治疗家自身的改进。中国古代的身心修养之学，如孟子的“扩充”、“养气”，庄子的“虚而待物”、老子的“无为”，在改进治疗家自身，如对人性的信心、虚心地倾听、善用权力等方面，能起到一定的作用。