目的:分析中国西北陕西省神木县2012至2015年间癌症发病的流行特点.方法:收集2012至2015年就诊于神木县医院或外出就医返回医保机构报销例的2 752新发癌症患者,分析影响癌症发病的高危因素及年龄、性别、地域分布等流行病学特征.结果:2012至2015年4年间神木县癌症新发病例2 752例,其中男性 1 495 例(54%),女性1 257 例(46%),男女比约为1.2∶1.2012年新发555例,2013年新发593例,2014年新发673例,2015年新发931例,发病率呈逐年上升趋势.发病率居前五位的癌症分别是胃癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、食管癌和肝癌,总计新发病例1 845例,男性1 124例(61%),女性721例(39%).城镇和农村、男性和女性癌症谱有明显的差异.农村男女胃癌均明显高发于城镇,城镇男性肺癌显著高于农村男性,城镇女性乳腺癌高于农村女性.主要发病地区为神木镇、高家堡、锦界、乔岔滩、万镇.61~70岁为癌症高发年龄段.县医院就诊和外出就诊的住院天数及总花费的均数比较,都具有显著性差异.结论:神木县消化道肿瘤发病仍处于高发水平,恶性肿瘤是神木县地区威胁居民健康的重要疾病.%Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of cancer of Shenmu county,from 2012 to 2015.Methods:Total of 2 752 new patients with carcinoma in Shenmu county hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were collected.Risk factors of cancer,age,sex,the epidemiological characteristics of geographical distribution were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 752 cases,including 1 495 male and 1 257 female.The ratio of male and female was about 1.2∶1.In 2012,there were 555 new cases,593 new cases in 2013,673 new cases in 2014,931 new cases in 2015,the trend of the carcinoma is gradually increasing.Incidence in the top five were gastric cancer,lung cancer,cervical cancer,esophageal cancer and liver cancer.A total of new cases of 1 845 cases,1 124 cases of male(61%),721 cases of women(39%).Urban and rural,cancer in both men and women obvious differences.Rural men and women a high incidence of gastric cancer were significantly in urban,urban male lung cancer was significantly higher than that of rural,female breast cancer was higher than rural women.Main areas were Shenmuzhen,Gaojiapu,Jinjie,Qiaochatan and Wanzhen.The peak of age was 61~70.The mean of days and total cost comparison in County hospital and out of hospitalization significant difference.Conclusion:The digestive system carcinoma in Shenmu county is still in the high level,malignant tumor is one of the important dangerous threat in Shenmu residents health.
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