外泌体在白血病中的研究进展

摘要

外泌体(exosomes,Exs)是多种细胞在正常及病理状态下均能分泌的微小囊泡,直径约40~100 nm,外泌体包含了丰富的蛋白质、miRNA以及RNA片段.近几年的研究表明外泌体可参与白血病的发生发展,在白血病的诊断和治疗中发挥作用.外泌体可通过影响细胞增殖、凋亡和自噬,调节骨髓微环境,促进血管生成及抑制骨髓造血等多方面促进白血病的发生发展.外泌体还可作为白血病的生物标志物,作为白血病的治疗靶点以及影响白血病耐药等.本文就外泌体的形成、组成和功能及近年来外泌体在白血病中的作用进行综述.%Exosomes,diameter about 40 to 100 nm,are small vesicles which are secreted by a variety of cells in the normal and pathological conditions.Exosomes contain abundant protein,miRNA and RNA.Recent studies have shown that exosomes can participate in development of leukemia,play a role in diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.Exo-somes can promote the development of leukemia by affecting cell proliferation,apoptosis and autophagy,regulating bone marrow microenvironment,promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting bone marrow hematopoiesis.Exosomes can also be used as biomarkers of leukemia,as well as being targets in leukemia treatment,affecting the resistance of leukemia and so on.The formation,composition and function of exosomes are described,the role of exosomes in leukemia was mentioned in recent years in this article.