新中国城乡关系的演进经历了四个阶段：1949—1952年：城乡互助互惠；1953—1978年：城乡分割制度的形成与固化；1979—2002年：城乡分割制度的解构与城乡关系的失衡；2003—2015年：城乡统筹与城乡一体化趋势。新中国城乡关系演变的过程主要是政府与农民的博弈过程，农民负担了工业化、城市化的大量成本，城乡关系演变的动力来自国家发展战略。从新中国城乡关系演变的历史经验显示：城乡关系的稳定首先要明确城市与乡村的和谐共生关系，坚持共享发展，构建民生为导向的考评机制，新型城乡关系的构建还需保障农民市场主体地位。%The urban-rural relationship in New China has undergone four stages: mutual benefit between the rural and urban areas during 1949-1953, the formation and consolidation of rural-urban division system during 1953-1978, the imbalance between the destruction of rural-urban division system and urban-rural relationship during 1979-2002, the trend of overall urban-rural development and urban-rural Integration during 2003-2015. And the evolution process of the urban-rural relationship in New China is mainly the game between the government and farmers, the latter shoulders the most responsibility of industrialization and urbanization, and the motivation of its evolution comes from the national development strategy. The historical experience from the evolution of urban-rural relationship in New China shows: the harmonious relationship between the city and countryside should be given priority to towards the stability,insist in sharing the benefit of development, establish the people's livelihood oriented evaluation mechanism, protect the principal status of farmers in the market as to the construction of the new urban-rural relationship.
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