甘肃引黄灌区枸杞间作豆科牧草对土壤温度及枸杞产量的影响

摘要

[目的]通过研究枸杞间作豆科牧草的水热效应, 构建适宜于甘肃引黄灌区水土资源高效利用的枸杞豆科牧草间作模式.[方法]基于大田试验分析了土壤温度、枸杞生长和水分利用效率对枸杞/苜蓿 (LA) 、枸杞/红豆草 (LS) 、枸杞/毛苕子 (LV) 、枸杞/箭筈豌豆 (LB) 、枸杞/黄豆 (LG) 5种模式的响应关系, 明确不同间作模式对土壤温度和枸杞产量的影响.[结果]5种间作模式都能够降低高温时段5～25cm土层土壤温度, 尤其在枸杞盛花期降温效果最为明显, LG间作模式更有利于降低夏季高温胁迫;除LG模式外, LA、LS、LV和LB都有利于提高枸杞新梢生长量和粗度, 且增幅在盛花期最为明显, LA与LS模式较LV、LB模式促进枸杞新梢生长量效果更为明显;在营养生长期至盛果期, 枸杞新梢生长量、粗度与产量呈显著正相关, 土壤温度与枸杞新梢生长量、产量间呈极显著负相关, 与粗度呈显著负相关;LA与LS模式下, 枸杞产量和水分利用效率相对较高, 分别为2 348.37、2 321.28kg/hm2和1.98、1.97kg/ (mm·hm2) .[结论]枸杞/苜蓿、枸杞/红豆草能够提高共生期植被覆盖度和水分利用效率, 且增产效果较为明显, 是适宜当地水土资源高效利用的枸杞豆科牧草间作模式.%[Objective]To study the hydrothermal effect of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) and legumes intercropping in order to develop high efficient intercropping system for improving the utilization efficiency of water and soil resources in Yellow River Pumping Irrigation Region of Gansu.[Method]The experiment was designed with 5intercropping treatments:wolfberry-alfalfa (LA) , wolfberry-sainfoin (LS) , wolfberryhairy vetch (LV) , wolfberry-vetch (LB) , wolfberry-soybean (LG) .The soil temperature, growth charac-teristics and water use efficiency were analyzed to understand the effects of different intercropping systems on soil temperature and yield.[Result]The intercropping reduced the soil temperature in 5cm to 25 cm layer in high temperature period.Especially, the soil temperature decreased at the full-bloom stage.LG showed more significant soil temperature reduction effect in summer.All intercropping treatments improved the growth and diameter of new shoot, and the highest increase occurred at full-bloom stage.Compared with LV and LB, the new shoot growth of LA and LS was the highest.During the vegetative period to the full-fruit period, there was a significant positive correlation between new shoot growth, new shoot diameter and yield, there was a significant negative correlation between soil temperature, new shoot growth and yield.The yield and water use efficiency of LA and LS was the highest, which were increased by2 348.37, 2321.28kg/hm2 and 1.98, 1.97kg/ (mm·hm2) respectively.[Conclusion]LA and LS improved the vegetation coverage, yield and water use efficiency in symbiotic period, which were the proper intercropping systems in research area.