不同配方基质对油麦菜栽培中微生物数量及酶活性的影响

摘要

[目的]为了探明不同基质配比对油麦菜基质中微生物数量、酶活性及油麦菜产量的影响.[方法]采取盆栽方式,以特高产尖叶型油麦菜为试材,选用草炭、平菇菌渣、棉花秸秆、牛粪、蛭石和珍珠岩作为基质原料,分别按照以下质量比设计试验处理:对照T1(6∶0∶0∶2∶2∶2)、处理T2(2∶4∶0∶2∶2∶2)、T3(2∶0∶4∶2∶2∶2)和 T4(2∶2∶2∶2∶2∶2).[结果]处理T2中细菌、真菌的数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性均在油麦菜生长 60 d时达最大值,且高于其他处理,分别是对照T1的 2.02 倍、1.91 倍、1.55 倍、10.38 倍和 2.46 倍.在油麦菜整个生育期内,各处理油麦菜基质细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶的活性均增大和提高;但过氧化氢酶活性均降低.与生育期内相比,采收后上述微生物数量及酶活性均减小和降低,且采收后大于播种前.过氧化氢酶活性与真菌数量、脲酶活性与细菌的数量、蔗糖酶与细菌和放线菌、纤维素酶与真菌的数量均呈极显著正相关;脲酶活性与真菌数量存在负相关性.[结论]单独添加菇渣的处理(T2)和复合添加菇渣和棉花秸秆处理(T4)有利于增加基质中微生物的数量及酶活,可大幅度提高油麦菜的产量.%[Objective]To research the effects of different substrates composition on the microorgan-isms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substances of leafy lettuces.[Method]The potted high yield and cuspidal leaf lettuces were used as the material.The substrates composited of peat,mushroom residue,cotton straw,cow dung,vermiculite and perlite.The mass ratio of the substrates are as:the control T1(6∶0∶0∶2∶2∶2),treatment T2(2∶4∶0∶2∶2∶2),T3(2∶0∶4∶2∶2∶2)and T4(2∶2∶2∶2∶2∶2).[Result]The highest values of the quantities of bacteria,fungi and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose appeared at the 60th day of leafy lettuce cultivated in T2,the substrates were 2.02 fold,1.91 fold,1.55 fold,10.38 fold and 2.46 fold of the control.During the growth of leafy lettuce,the quantity of bacteria,fungi and acti-nomycetes,and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose in substrate increased in three treatments,how-ever,the catalase activity decreased.Moreover,the above mentioned microorganisms quantity and the en-zyme activities decreased after harvesting in three treatments.There were highly significant positive corre-lation between the catalase activity and the fungi quantity,the urease activity and the bacteria quantity,the sucrose activity and the quantity of bacteria and ractinomyce,the cellulase activity and the fungi quantity. However,there was a negative correlation between urease activity and fungi quantity.[Conclusion]The treatments of T2and T4increase microorganisms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substance,en-hance the yield of leafy lettuce.