Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mgkg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mgkg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects at concentration of 40 mgkg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.
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机译:An economic evaluation of soil bioengineering as a method for slope stability on abandoned mine land in Eastern Kentucky <中文篇名〉=肯塔基州东部废矿斜坡稳定性的土壤生物工程 经济评估
机译:mapping soil organic carbon using auxiliary environmental covariates in a typical watershed in the Loess plateau of China: a comparative study based on three kriging methods and a soil land inference model (soLIm)