地下采矿诱发山体崩滑地质灾害研究现状与展望

摘要

Landslide geohazards induced by underground mining in mountainous areas have caused a serious influence to human activities. Aimed at the mechanism of underground mining-induced landslides, typical work and researches over the past several decades at home and abroad are analysed in this paper. Previous investigations can be summarized into three parts; field monitoring,physical modelling and numerical modelling. The findings are; 1) there is no clear understanding about the patterns of rock mass moving induced by underground mining. Underground mining activity is believed just one of the factors influencing the slope stability. The impacts of different aspects such as the mining method and goaf management technique resulted in the ignorance of underground mining effect. 2) in-situ monitoring; most of the data is the deformation of the ground surface. There are no corresponding records about the relationship between the undermining process and rock mass movement; 3) Based on the assumptions of the geological background, constitution relationship, and other parameters, modelling researches are always excessively simplified, and the conclusions are primary and simple. This paper puts forward that further studies will focus on the detailed analysis of underground mining effect, monitor the underground mining process and rock mass deformation, and build the large-scale three dimension numerical model that can reflect geological condition better.%地下采矿活动诱发的山区崩滑地质灾害已经对人类活动带来了重大影响.针对采动滑坡地质灾害的发生机制,总结了近年来国内外的主要研究工作与成果,并分别从现场监测、物理模型实验研究和数值模拟实验研究3个方面对采动滑坡失稳机理进行了归纳和总结,得出如下认识:(1)已有的研究对小规模不充分开采引起的山体移动规律研究不清楚.认为地下开采作用仅是影响坡体稳定的一个因素,忽略了地下采矿活动本身各因素如开采方式、采空区处理技术等不同的影响；(2)现场监测方面多为地表的监测数据,缺少矿井上下的对照监测资料,即地下采空区的扩展过程与岩层移动监测数据之间的对应关系；(3)已有的模拟研究基于地质背景、本构及参数等因素的假设,对地质模型的刻画过于简化,得出的也多是一些趋向性的基本认识.在后续的研究工作中应将重点着眼于地下开采作用的细化研究,加强对地下采空区的调查和对采空区上覆不同埋深处岩体变形的监测,并建立更能反映真实地质条件的大规模精细三维数值模型.