Water resources are one of the controlling factors for the production in water deficient areas. The current theorists tend to support the practices of structural optimization of water consumption in water deficient areas by means of the virtual water trade strategy. A model for calculating the quantity of regional virtual water trade is established based on the theory of virtual water trade. The dependency degree of the regional virtual water and the self-supply degree of water resources are analyzed by use of this model. With regard to the situation that many water deficient areas in China exhibit virtual water trade surplus, the coefficients of industrial correlation degree and virtual water content are proposed to be comprehensively compared, and the industrial layout and the structure of water consumption under the water resources endowment are adjusted according to the results of comprehensive analysis so as to reduce agricultural water consumption in water deficient areas. Finally, some measures, moderate decrease of planting area of agriculture with high water consumption, increase of agricultural products with low water consumption and high efficiency as well as development of other industries with low water consumption and high yield, are put forward, and the relevant policies which support the above-mentioned industrial adjustment are also suggested.%水资源是缺水地区生产的控制性要素之一,当前理论界较为支持依靠虚拟水贸易战略用以指导缺水地区的用水结构优化.基于虚拟水贸易理论建立区域虚拟水贸易量的计算模型,利用该模型分析区域虚拟水的依赖度以及水资源的自给度.针对我国多数缺水地区存在虚拟水贸易顺差的境况,综合分析比较产业关联度系数和虚拟水含量系数.结果表明,对水资源禀赋条件下的产业布局和用水结构进行调整,可以降低缺水地区的农业用水量；适度减少我国缺水地区高耗水农业的种植面积,转向低耗水、高效益的农产品,或发展低耗水高产出的其他产业,可以提高水资源利用率.
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