珠江流域湖库型水源集水区酞酸酯（PAEs）类污染物环境健康风险评估

摘要

以饮用水源集水区为中心，沿支流采集水样，采用美国环境保护署（ USEPA）暴露风险评价方法，结合该地区的参数计算环境健康风险。结果表明：（1）所有采样点均检出PAEs类污染物邻苯二甲酸正丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2－乙基己基）酯（DOP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），其中DOP高于DBP和DEP。（2）该饮用水源集水区3种PAEs污染物质量浓度均高于流域内其他乡镇饮用水源，在国内外同类地区也属于中上水平。 DOP是集水区内需首要控制的PAEs类污染物。（3）在人类活动干扰少的地区河流污染物的环境健康风险水平较低，而在人口密集区和工业集中区风险水平较高。河流上游风险值低，中游高，下游和库区又逐渐回落。该水源集水区的PAEs类污染物环境健康风险值未超过USEPA规定，但与国内外其它地区相比属于中上水平，存在一定的潜在健康风险，需要根据PAEs的可能来源在水源地环境风险管理中加以防范。%Water samples were collected along the tributaries of a drinking water source catchment for analysis in line with the procedure for risk assessment of the USEPA, and environment health risk of phthalic acid esters ( PAEs) was assessed by taking into account the parameters of the region. Results show that ( 1) all the samples were found to have PAEs like pollutants, including di (2⁃ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di⁃n⁃butyl phthalate (DBP), among which DOP was higher than the other two, displaying an order of DOP > DEP > DBP.(2) The concentrations of DOP, DEP and DBP in the water catchment were all higher than their respective ones in other drinking water source catchments in the region and could also be sorted into the moderate or upper level of contamination in similar areas in the country and others. DOP was designated the primarily controlled contaminant of the water source catchment. ( 3) In areas less affected by anthrogenic disturbance, environmental health risk of pollutants in rivers was low, while in areas densely populated and concentrated with industry, the risk was high. Along a river, the risk was low in the upper reaches, high in the middle rea⁃ches and low again in the lower reaches or the reservoirs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the environment health risk of PAEs like contaminants in headwater catchment has not yet exceeded the criteria of USEPA, but among similar regions the world over, this region is moderate or high in concentration of PAEs like contaminants and does have some potential health risks. It is, therefore, essential to track potential source of PAEs in the region and take corresponding countermeasures to control the sources in environmental risk management of the region.