人类活动对地球表层的干扰所造成的影响和变化正日益增强，正确估计人为干扰对现在和未来环境变化影响的程度以及叠加在自然变化上的幅度具有重大意义。选择生态系统服务功能突出、人地关系矛盾剧烈的北京市密云水库上游流域为研究区，基于2005和2013年2期SPOT 5遥感影像数据，借助人为干扰度指数和GIS空间分析方法，从结构变化、类型变化、空间变化和人为干扰度4个角度，探讨密云水库上游流域人为干扰时空动态分异及变化特征。结果表明：（1）2005—2013年间，密云水库上游流域景观以林地－耕地－园地格局为主导，土地利用变化速度加快，人类活动对土地资源的集约利用强度增加。（2）农业结构调整、土地开发整理、经济发展、建设占用以及生态恢复工程是流域内土地利用与土地覆被变化的主要因素；旱地、园地、有林地、灌木林地面积减少，菜地、草地、疏林地、建设用地和滩地增加，森林生态系统质量呈退化趋势；工矿用地和未利用土地主要转为园地、林地和草地，生态恢复工程略显成效。（3）半干扰是流域内主导的干扰景观类型，全干扰和半干扰型景观面积增加，无干扰型景观面积减少，流域内景观的人为干扰强度呈现由深山区向浅山区逐渐增强的空间分异特征，交通道路沿线及人类活动活跃地区是人为干扰强度增加最显著的地区。%As the impacts of human activities on environment and nature through disturbance of the global surface have been getting more and more intensive each passing day, it is of great significance to evaluate accurately extent of the hu⁃man impacts on the present and future environmental changes and superposed influences on variability of the nature. Based on the 2005 and 2013 SPOT 5 remote sensing images of the upper streams of the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, prominent in ecosystem services and fierce in man⁃vs⁃land contradictory, with the aid of hemeroby index ( human disturbance index) and GIS spatial analysis method, differentiation and characteristics of the spatio⁃temporal variation of human disturbance in the region were explored from the perspectives of structure, landscape type, spatial distribution and human disturbance. Results show that:( 1) During the period of 2005-2013, the landscape in the upper streams of the Miyun Reservoir Wa⁃tershed was dominated with forest⁃farm⁃orchard, which changed rapidly, showing that human activities in intensive utiliza⁃tion of land resources were enhanced;( 2) Agricultural structural readjustment, land development and management, eco⁃nomic development, construction and implementation of ecological rehabilitation projects were the main factors driving changes in land use/cover, which were demonstrated in steady reduction of upland, orchard, woods and shrubbery in are⁃a, steady expansion of vegetable land, grassland, sparse woodlands, construction land and bottom land in area, that lead⁃ing to the degradation of forest ecosystems, and on the other hand conversion of industrial and mining lands and wastelands into orchards, forestlands and grasslands as achievements of the implementation of some ecological rehabilitation projects;( 3) Partially disturbed landscapes were the dominant type in the region, displaying an increasing tendency from mountain area to hill area in disturbance intensity, especially along the traffic roads and around human activity centers.
展开▼
