动物扰动对湿地植物根区有机碳和氮形态的影响

摘要

A complex vertical⁃flow wetland consisting of an upstream flow cell and a downstream flow cell was constructed in an experiment for exploration of effects of addition of earthworms and loaches into the two cells on organic carbon and ni⁃trogen in form and content in the plant root zone of the constructed wetland. Results show that the addition of loaches in⁃creased the average content of total organic carbon (TOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOOC), microbial biomass carbon ( MBC) , dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) and nitrate nitrogen by 16�7%, 10�8%, 19�1%, 33�8% and 68�4% , respectively, and decreased the average content of ammonia nitrogen by 14%, while the addition of earthworms increased the content of TOC, EOOC, MBC, DOC and nitrate nitrogen by 74�6%, 39�7%, 40�4%, 45�1% and 91�8%, respec⁃tively, and decreased the content of ammonia nitrogen by 42�8%. Obviously the effects of the addition of earthworms were higher than those of loaches on organic matter, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. Correlation analysis shows that the content of TOC, EOOC and MBC was significantly related to the content of nitrate nitrogen ( P<0�01) . All the findings in⁃dicate that introduction of animals into wetlands increases organic carbon content in the plant root zone of the constructed wetland, and stimulates nitrification process in the wetland, thus increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil.%构建复合垂直流人工湿地，分别向复合垂直流人工湿地的下行池和上行池中加入蚯蚓和泥鳅，研究泥鳅和蚯蚓对人工湿地中植物根区基质有机碳和氮形态及含量的影响。结果表明，加入泥鳅后人工湿地植物根区基质的总有机碳（ TOC）、易氧化有机碳（ EOOC）、微生物量有机碳（ MBC）、可溶性有机碳（ DOC）和硝态氮平均含量分别增加16�7％、10�8％、19�1％、33�8％和68�4％，但铵态氮平均含量减少14％。加入蚯蚓后TOC、EOOC、MBC、DOC和硝态氮的含量分别增加74�6％、39�7％、40�4％、45�1％和91�8％；铵态氮平均含量下降42�8％。人工湿地中加入蚯蚓后有机碳、硝态氮和铵态氮含量的变化率比单独加入泥鳅高。相关分析表明，TOC、EOOC、MBC含量分别与硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关（ P＜0�01），加入动物提高了人工湿地植物根区有机碳含量，并促进人工湿地的硝化过程，增加硝态氮含量。