江苏盐城自然保护区湿地景观格局空间优化模拟

摘要

The Jiangsu Yancheng Nature Reserve ( YNR) is the largest coastal reserve in China, deeming red⁃crowned cranes ( Grus japonensis) and tidal wetland ecosystems as its main protection targets. It is an urgent task to effectively man⁃age and control resource utilization activities and protect the wetland habitat of red⁃crowned cranes in the YNR. Three tar⁃get⁃driven scenarios of harmonized ecological protection and economic development in YNR were designed, and a land use pattern optimization ( LUPO) model was used to simulate spatially optimized wetland landscape patterns in YNR once the scenarios were realized. The simulation reveals as follows: ( 1) Under Scenario A, the reserve has turned large areas of mudflats and smooth cordgrass tidal flats into seepweed tidal flats, thus achieving the ecological target of expanding over 80% suitable habitat for red⁃crowned crane in the reserve, but has to face a drastic fall of regional annual economic bene⁃fit. ( 2) Under Scenario B, the reserve has large tracts of mudflats, farmlands, and smooth cordgrass tidal flats converted into fishponds, thus realizing the economic goal of raising its regional annual economic benefit by over 40%, but at the cost of decrease of suitable habitat for red⁃crowned cranes; ( 3) Under Scenario C, the reserve has converted smooth cordgrass and reed tidal flats in seepweed tidal flats and mudflats and farmlands into fish ponds, thus achieving the ecolog⁃ical target of expanding the area of suitable habitat for red⁃crowned crane over 40% as well as the economic goal of increas⁃ing its regional annual economic benefit by over 20%. Obviously Scenario C is an optimal win⁃win option.%江苏盐城自然保护区是中国最大的海岸带保护区，主要保护对象为丹顶鹤（ Grus japonensis）等珍稀鸟类和滩涂湿地生态系统。如何协调生物多样性保护与资源利用的矛盾，保护丹顶鹤赖以生存的湿地生境，是保护区管理者急需解决的问题。设计了3种考虑保护区协调丹顶鹤生境保护和经济发展的情景模式，并采用土地利用空间优化（ LUPO）模型，模拟实现了各情景模式下的保护区湿地景观格局空间优化配置。模拟结果表明：情景A将保护区大面积的光滩和米草滩转换为碱蓬滩，实现了使丹顶鹤适宜生境面积增加80％以上的生态目标，但区域年经济效益显著下降。情景B将大面积的光滩、农田和米草滩转换为养殖塘，实现了使区域年经济效益增长40％以上的经济目标，但付出了丹顶鹤适宜生境面积减少的代价。情景C通过将米草滩和芦苇滩转换为碱蓬滩，将农田和光滩等转换为养殖塘，既实现了使丹顶鹤适宜生境面积增加40％以上，又使区域年经济效益增长20％以上的情景目标，是一种双赢的情景方案。