夏季典型天气下公园绿地小气候环境及对人体舒适度的影响

摘要

To explore green land micrometeorology in public parks under typical summer weather (sunny, cloudy, and after raining) and its impact on human comfort, monitoring posts were set up at 8 selected typical recreation places in the Beijing Haidian Park.Results show that the park green belts significantly reduced air temperature, increased relative humidity, decreased wind speed, and improved human comfort.Weather is an important factor affecting significantly human comfort.Body comfort on green land lasted for 4-7 hours under a sunny or cloudy sky, 1-4 hours longer than on CK (lands other than green belt);and for 5-11 hours after raining.The impacts of green lands on temperature, humidity and wind varied significantly with the type of green land.Willow-locust forests were the most remarkable in reducing the integrated human comfort index of the three types of weather by 5.0%-5.4%;and lawns the least by only 0.4%-1.5%.The three types of weather, sunny, cloudy and after-raining reduced the temperature by 0.5-2.6, 0.7-2.7 and 0.6-2.0 ℃;increased the humidity by 2.2%-10%, 2.6%-10.25% and 1.1%-4.3%;and decreased wind speed by 16.7%-66.7%, 16.7%-66.7% and 22.2%-55.6%, respectively.So, under typical summer weather, 06:00-09:00 am is the most favorable time period for people to do outdoor activities;in sunny or cloudy days, people would feel uncomfortable after 10:00 am;and after raining people may have outdoor exercises or activities in these recreational spots after 17:00.%为探讨公园绿地夏季典型天气下(晴天、多云和雨后)小气候及人体舒适度情况,选择海淀公园8处游憩地为监测点进行分析.结果表明,公园绿地能有效降低空气温度,增加湿度,减小风速,改善人体舒适度.夏季不同天气对人体舒适度的影响达显著水平,晴天和多云时绿地内舒适时间达4~7 h,比对照延长1~4 h;雨后人体舒适时间达5~11 h.不同游憩点降温率、增湿率和减风率差异明显,3种天气人体综合舒适度指数降幅最明显的游憩点是旱柳-槐树林,为5.0%~5.4%,草坪最低,仅为0.4%~1.5%.晴天、多云和雨后日均降温分别为0.5~2.6、0.7~2.7和0.6~2.0 ℃;增湿率分别为2.2%~10%、2.6%~10.25%和1.1%~4.3%;风速分别降低16.7%~66.7%、16.7%~66.7%和22.2%~55.6%.典型天气下06:00-09:00适合晨练等户外活动,晴天和多云时10:00后人体会感到不舒适,雨后居民可在17:00以后到园内各游憩点进行户外活动.