目的 探讨血清特异性IgE和IgG检测在儿童特应性皮炎过敏原诊断中的应用和意义.方法 对64例患特应性皮炎的儿童,采用酶联免疫方法检测血清中食物过敏原的特异性IgG,同时采用免疫印迹方法检测血清中食物过敏原和吸入性过敏原的特异性IgE.结果 食物过敏原特异性IgG和特异性IgE的检测结果不一致(P ＜ 0.01),食物过敏原特异性IgG的总阳性率为93.75%,主要食物过敏原是牛奶和鸡蛋.食物过敏原特异性IgE的总阳性率为46.88%,主要食物过敏原是鸡蛋和鱼虾蟹.吸入性过敏原特异性IgE的总阳性率为34.38%,主要过敏原是尘螨和霉菌.在0 ～ 1岁的特应性皮炎患儿中,以食物过敏原特异性IgE阳性多见;1岁以上的患儿吸入性过敏原特异IgE阳性多见,同时合并呼吸道过敏症状增多(P均＜ 0.05).结论 食物过敏原和吸入性过敏原均是引起儿童特应性皮炎的重要原因.联合测定食物过敏原的特异性IgE和特异性IgG是变态反应性皮肤病患儿诊断食物过敏原的有效方法.尽早采取有效的环境控制,对治疗儿童特应性皮炎和预防呼吸道过敏性疾病的发生非常重要.%Objective To explore the clinical application of the serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG tests in children with atopic dermatitis.Methods The specific IgG antibodies for food-allergens detected by the ELISA method and the specific IgE antibodies for either food- or aero-allergens determined by the western blot way were undertaken in 64 children with atopic dermatitis.Results There was the significant difference between the testing results of the specific IgG and IgE for food-allergens (P＜0.01).The positive rate of the specific IgG was 93.75％ for food-allergens which were mainly milk and egg, while the positive rate of the specific IgE was 46.88％ for food-allergens which were mainly egg, fish, shrimp and crab, respectively.The positive rate of the specific IgE was 34.38％ for aero-allergens which were mainly dust mites and molds.It was common seen that the positive results of the specific IgE for food-allergen in infants under one-year old and of the specific IgE for aero-allergens in infants of one year and upwards, the latter usually manifested asthma and/or rhinitis (P＜0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that the either food-allergens or aero-allergens is important cause to result in atopic dermatitis in children.It will be feasible to detect both of the specific IgE and IgG for the identification of food-allergens in children with allergic skin diseases.The early detection of acroallergens and the effective improvement of the environment shall be necessary for the management and preventions of allergic skin and resperatory diseases in children.
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