儿童甲状腺结节的诊治

摘要

Thyroid nodules in childhood are less prevalent but more often to be malignant than those in adulthood. The evaluation of thyroid nodules includes history collection, physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging and ifne-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). A history of neck irradiation, previous thyroid diseases and thyroid neoplasms in the family are high risk factors of malignant nodules. Thyroid ultrasonography is the ifrst choice of thyroid nodules assessment. FNAB is the best way to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Treatment option for benign thyroid nodules is follow-up. Surgery is the most effective treatment option for malignant or suspicious thyroid nodules.%儿童甲状腺结节患病率虽低于成人，但其恶性率高。儿童甲状腺结节评估包括病史采集、体格检查、实验室检查、影像学检查和细针穿刺抽吸活检（FNAB）。头颈部放射线照射史、既往有甲状腺疾病和甲状腺癌家族史是恶性结节的高危因素。超声检查是甲状腺结节评估的首选方法，而FNAB则是鉴别结节良性或恶性的最好方法。儿童良性甲状腺结节以随访观察为主，恶性和可疑恶性结节则需手术治疗。