2012年四城市新生儿出生情况调查

摘要

目的：了解中国城市新生儿出生情况及其变化趋势。方法采取整群随机抽样方法收集北京、哈尔滨、长沙及广州4城市的单胎活产新生儿体格发育数据，并与1986-1987年15城市新生儿体格发育调查组建立的全国新生儿体格发育参考标准及有关原始资料进行对比分析。结果共调查新生儿5539例，其中北京1412例、哈尔滨1410例、长沙1274例、广州1443例。与1986-1987年新生儿体格发育参考标准比较，除男婴的头围外，2012年四城市足月新生儿的体质量、身长及头围均增加，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；早产儿及巨大儿发生率和男女性别比有所上升，低出生体质量儿及过期产发生率有所下降，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。结论与25年前相比，四城市新生儿出生情况总体良好，应重视对早产儿及巨大儿发生率以及出生人口性别比的控制。%Objective To understand the birth conditions of newborns in four cities of China and its trend. Methods The physical development data of single live newborns in 4 cities of Beijing, Harbin, Changsha and Guangzhou were investi-gated by random cluster sampling method, and was compared with the national neonatal growth standard developed from the investigation in 15 cities from 1986 to 1987. Results The study investigated a total of 5 539 newborns:1 412 in Beijing, 1 410 in Harbin, 1 274 in Changsha and 1 443 in Guangzhou. Except for the head circumference of male newborns, the weight, height and head circumference of full-term newborns in four cities in 2012 were all more than the national neonatal growth standard of 1986-1987 (P<0.05). Compared with the data obtained from 1986-1987, the sex ratio and the prevalence of macrosomia and premature were higher, but the rates of post-term delivery and low birth weight were lower (P<0.01). Conclusions The new-borns in four cities of China are in good condition during recent 25 years. More attention should be paid to improve the birth sex ratio and to decrease rates of macrosomia and premature.