城际快速列车铸钢制动盘三维瞬态温度场和应力场仿真分析

摘要

为了新型城际动车组铸钢材料制动盘能满足热容量要求,建立制动盘的循环对称三维瞬态计算模型,考虑弹性模量、热导率、热膨胀系数和比热容等材料参数随温度变化的影响.采用间接耦合方法,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,仿真不同制动初速度下连续两次紧急制动时制动盘摩擦热负荷产生的瞬时温度场及热应力分布.仿真结果表明:不同制动初速度下温度变化规律相似,但初速度高的温升高;制动盘摩擦升温最高为388.615 ℃,最大热应力为598.14 MPa,通过比较,远低于铸钢材料许用温度和许用应力,能满足新型城际动车组的运行要求;铸钢制动盘是一种较为理想的制动材料,为结构设计与选材提供了理论依据.%In order that the cast steel brake disc of new intercity multiple units meet the requirements on thermal capacity, a rotationally symmetrical three-dimension transient calculation model was established for brake disc, considering the influence of the change of material parameters with temperature such as elastic modulus, heat diffusivity, thermal coefficient of expansion and specific heat capacity.The indirect coupling method and the finite element analysis software ANSYS were used to simulate the instantaneous temperature field and thermal-stress distribution produced by the frictional heat load of the brake disk in two consecutive emergency brakings under different initial braking velocities.The simulation results show that the law of temperature fluctuation at different initial braking velocities is similar, but the temperature rise is high for higher initial velocity.The highest temperature rise due to friction for brake disk is 388.615 ℃ and the maximal heat stress is 598.14 MPa, which are far lower than allowable temperature and allowable stress for cast steel materials after comparison, which meet the operating requirements of new intercity trains.The cast steel is a relatively ideal brake material.This research provides theoretical reference for structural design and material selection.