采用求解三维、可压缩、非定常N-S方程的数值计算方法,对高速列车通过有竖井的隧道时其瞬变压力进行模拟,得到高速列车通过隧道时车体测点的瞬变压力历程及变化幅值.研究结果表明:数值计算结果与动模型试验结果较吻合,数值计算与动模型试验这2种方法得到的压力曲线变化规律一致,仅幅值略有差异,相差5％左右,表明本文采用的数值计算方法能够较好地模拟高速列车通过隧道时所引发的空气动力效应问题；竖井能够有效缓解高速列车通过隧道时的车体瞬变压力幅值,其中车体表面中部测点的压力降幅最大,为31.2％.对于参数确定的隧道,存在最佳的竖井位置、竖井数量及竖井断面面积,使其对隧道内车体瞬变压力的缓解效果最佳.%Based on unsteady N-S equation of three-dimensional and compressible viscous fluid, transient pressure was simulated when a high-speed train passed by a tunnel with shaft. Time course and amplitude of transient pressure on the train were found. The results show that the calculated results agree with those of the experimental model. The switch of pressure curves attained by two methods are accorded completely, and amplitude merely presented difference is only about 5%, which indicates that simulation method applied is better to simulate aerodynamic effect when a high-speed train passes through a tunnel. Shaft can effectively reduce the transient pressure when a train runs through a tunnel, and pressure degradation of measuring point on the surface of middle car body is maximal, which reaches 31.2%. A assured tunnel in parameter has the best shaft location, number and section area that make alleviating effect best.
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