以某条钢剪切机剪刃为例,对利用应变测试技术确定高温、冲击作用下结构负载的方法进行研究.通过对剪刃结构的改造改变剪刃的约束状态,提供应变计安装空间；利用静态标定方法确定常温静载下载荷与应变的关系;基于冲击理论、模态分析理论及有限元技术对结构动态特性进行分析,研究冲击波形对测试精度的影响；基于高温应变计热输出和灵敏度温度系数曲线对测试结果进行修正.研究结果表明,对于该结构,静态标定结果能够用于其实际冲击工况下测试数据的分析,冲击响应误差为±0.7％；对应变测试数据的温度修正能够提高对数据的分析精度.%The shear blade of some merchant shearing machine was selected as the object. The method of using strain gage technique to determine the load of complex structure working at high temperature and impact situation was studied. The structure of the shear blade was reconstructed, which changed the constraint state. Using static calibration method, the relationship of load and strain of the shear blade at room temperature was tested. Based on the impact theory and combined with the finite element technology, the impact of the shock wave shape on the testing accuracy was discussed. Based on the thermal output and sensitivity-temperature-coefficient curve of the high-temperature strain gauge, the test results was amended. The results show that for this structure, the static calibration results can be used for the analyses of the data tested in actual impact load conditions, and the impulse response error is ±0.7%. The temperature correction of the test strain data can improve the analysis accuracy.
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