陕西省苹果蠹蛾阻截防控实践与入侵路径分析

摘要

The codling moth is a quarantine pest of fruits, and occurs in seven provinces, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin. Reducing codling moth invasion is an important measure for the protection of fruit pro￣duction in Shaanxi Province and the entire country. This can be done by the analysis of the Shaanxi codling moth invasion risk and pest intercepted data from the inspection office. The presence of larvae in raw fruits to be used for fruit juice processing in regions, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia increases the risk for long￣distance dispersal into Shaanxi. The most effective measures to pre￣vent long￣distance invasion is to strengthen supervision of juice processing enterprises and forbid the fruit carrying the codling moth to enter non￣infested areas. Research on prevention, monitoring, and control strategies is needed.%苹果蠹蛾是威胁果业生产的检疫性有害生物，已在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙江、辽宁、吉林等7个省发生分布。陕西省是我国主要的苹果优质产区，阻截苹果蠹蛾向陕西扩散是保护陕西乃至全国果业生产的重要举措。通过对陕西苹果蠹蛾入侵风险、阻截防控过程取得的数据进行分析，明确了入侵路径，探讨防控策略。由新疆、甘肃、宁夏等地果汁加工原料果携带幼虫远距离方式传入陕西的风险较大；由甘肃、宁夏等地经过陕西西部果区自然传播方式进入陕西的风险加剧。提出加强果汁企业监管，拒绝携带苹果蠹蛾果品进入非疫区，是防止远距离传播的最有效措施；做好自然传播的防控策略与措施研究，已迫在眉睫。