苹果蠹蛾在中国的扩散与危害

摘要

Background] Originating in Eurasia, the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) has become a notorious invasive pest that has caused severe damage to the world′s pome and drupe fruit industries. This insect is also an important foreign quarantine pest in China. [Method] In order to clarify the current distribution and dispersal history of this pest, historical literature and documents were collected, and a systematic monitoring program was conducted in China′s major apple and pear producing areas by using stand￣ard sex pheromone lures. The current and potential damage of codling moth to China′s fruit industry were calculated using specific formulas. [Result] The codling moth was first detected in Xinjiang Province in 1953. By October, 2013, this pest was present in 144 counties in 7 Chinese provinces, including Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin. The main concentrations were between 74.56°E~106.8°E and 120.02°E~132.95°E. The currently infested areas cover 49410 hm2. The potential yield loss in China caused by the codling moth were 1850100 tons of apple and 813300 tons of pear. [Conclusion and sig￣nificance] Our study confirmed that the distribution of the codling moth in China was divided into two regions, a western and an eastern one, and this distribution pattern posed serious threat to the apple industry of the Northwest Plateau ( primarily in Shaanxi Province) and Bohai Bay ( primarily in Shandong, Hebei, and Liaoning provinces) . Because these two regions represented the two major apple producing areas and account for 80% of apple production in China.%【背景】苹果蠹蛾原产于欧亚大陆，是世界著名的严重危害苹果生产的入侵害虫，也是中国的重要对外检疫性有害生物。【方法】通过收集整理历史文献、资料，并于2005~2013年使用标准性信息素诱芯对全国各苹果、梨主产区的苹果蠹蛾发生情况进行系统监测，明确该虫在我国的分布现状及扩散历史；此外，使用特定公式对苹果蠹蛾在发生区造成的当前经济损失和扩散完成后的潜在经济损失进行了系统评估，以明确该虫在我国的现有和潜在危害。【结果】苹果蠹蛾于1953年首次在中国新疆被发现，目前在中国分布于新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、宁夏、黑龙江、辽宁和吉林7省的144个县(市、区、旗)，主要集中分布在东经74.56°~106.8°以及东经120.02°~132.95°，发生面积约49410 hm2；经济损失评估结果显示，苹果蠹蛾导致中国苹果和梨的潜在减产数量为185.01万和81.33万t。【结论与意义】该虫已在中国形成东西2个分布区，对占据中国苹果产量80％的西北黄土高原(陕西为主)和渤海湾(山东、河北、辽宁为主)两大苹果主产区构成了严重威胁，须引起高度重视。