陕西子午岭国家级自然保护区湿地鸟类群落特征

摘要

In March 2013 and February 2014 , the bird′s number and species of Ziwuling Nature Reserve , Shaanxi was investigated and recorded by line-transect and point count method .And more, the composition, structure, and seasonal dynamics of the avian com-munity were analyzed and researched .A total of 42 bird species belonging to 27 families of 15 orders were recorded .The bird commu-nity was mainly composed of Passeriformes , totally 1590 individuals and 18 species, accounting for 47.98%of the total number of bird species.The species(33),number(1245), Shannon-Wiener index (4.94027) and Species evenness(0.97936) in summer were high-er than those in the other three seasons , but the Superiority(0.03187) were lowest.Passer montanus, Phasianus colchicus, Pica pica, Cyanopica cyana, Parus major and Upupa epops were the dominant bird species distributed in four seasons , The Sorenson similarity in-dex showed that the lowest species conversion rate was in summer-autumn avian community , the highest was in the autumn-winter avian community.In general, the avian community stability was high in Ziwuling Nature Reserve .%2014年3月至2015年2月用样线法结合样点法对子午岭自然保护区内湿地鸟类进行调查记录，并对该地区鸟类群落的组成、结构以及季节变化进行分析研究。调查共记录鸟类15目27科42种，其中以雀形目为主，共18种1590只，占被调查鸟类总数的47．98％。夏季鸟类群落的种数（33）、个体数（1245）、Shannon－Wiener 指数（4．94027）、均匀度（0．97936）都为全年最高，优势度指数（0．03187）为全年最低。全年有树麻雀（Passer montanus）、环颈雉（Phasianus colchicus）、喜鹊（Pica pica）、灰喜鹊（Cyanopica cyana）、大山雀（Parus major）、戴胜（Upupa epops）6种优势种，且四季都有分布。 Sorenson相似性系数显示鸟类种类转化率最低为夏季－秋季鸟类群落，最高为秋季－冬季鸟类群落。总体来看，子午岭自然保护区的鸟类群落稳定性强。