伴性基因遗传平衡中的通式及其在教学中的应用

摘要

Hardy-Weinberg is one of the theoretical foundations of population genetics , which is not only applicable to the gene bal-ance problem of the autosome , but also applicable to the sex-linked genes .The equilibrium problem of a pair of genes on the autosome is relatively simple and easy to be understood because it is not related to gender , whereas the sex-linked genes do not .The genetic e-quilibrium characteristics of sex-linked genes were described in detail , and two general formulas were given at the same time in this pa-per.In the process of teaching , the genetic equilibrium oscillation process of sex-linked genes can be vividly displayed by using the two formulas, and the formula input and mapping function of Excel software , so as to achieve a good teaching effect .%Hardy－Weinberg定律为群体遗传学的理论基石之一，它不仅适用于常染色体上的基因平衡问题，也适用于性连锁基因。常染色体上的一对等位基因的平衡问题由于不涉及性别，其平衡特点较为简单，容易被理解，而伴性基因则不然。对伴性基因的遗传平衡特点进行了详细的阐述，并给出了伴性基因遗传平衡中的2个通式。在教学过程中，结合这2个通式，利用Excel软件的公式输入与作图功能，即可生动地展示伴性基因遗传平衡中的振荡过程，从而取得良好的教学效果。