西安市不同空气环境下4种绿化植物叶片解剖结构特征

摘要

The leaf anatomical structure of four greening plants such as Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea.and Euonymus japonicas Thunb.were researched by frozen section methods .The leaves were anatomically observed, and indexes including the thickness of upper and lower cuticle , the thickness of epidermal cell , palisade tissue thickness , spongy tissue thickness and leaf thickness were measured .At the same time, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue (P/S), the ra-tio of palisade tissue to leaf thickness ( CTR) , the ratio of spongy tissue to leaf thickness ( SR) were statistically analyzed .Leaf ana-tomical structure indexes among the sampling points exhibited different degrees of difference , especially the palisade tissue , the leaf thickness and the ratio of palisade tissue to leaf thickness .The correlation analysis showed that the mesophyll tissue ,including palisade tissue and spongy tissue , made a significant contribution to the leaf thickness;it also indicated that the upper cuticle had a significantly positive correlation with palisade tissue thickness , and a significantly negative correlation with spongy tissue thickness .The P/S had largest coefficient variation and plasticity index among all anatomical structures , which meant the P/S was more easily to make changes for environment .The coefficient variation and plasticity index of Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea were respectively 21.9% and 1.0218 , which was the largest one in four species .It inferred that Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea Pissardii maybe the most variable tree species of those greening plants in different environment .%以西安市不同空气环境下4种绿化树种植物大叶女贞（ Ligustrum lucidum Ait．）、小叶女贞（ Ligustrum quihoui Carr．）、大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicas Thunb．）和紫叶李（Prunus cerasifera f．atropurpurea）为研究对象，采用冷冻切片和显微成像技术对叶片的解剖结构进行研究。结果表明：叶片解剖结构指标在各采样点间表现出不同程度的差异性，且栅栏组织厚度，叶片厚度，叶片组织结构紧密度在各点间差异显著；叶片厚度与栅栏组织及海绵组织的相关性较大，上角质层厚度对栅栏组织及海绵组织厚度有一定的影响；在所有解剖结构中，栅栏组织和海绵组织的变异性和可塑性较高，表明栅栏组织和海绵组织更容易对环境变化做出改变。4种绿化植物的变异系数和可塑性指数最大的为紫叶李，分别为21.9％和1.0218，表明与其余3种树种相比紫叶李的叶片在应对环境变化时更容易做出改变。