政党类型学研究的三种基本范式转换--从群众型政党、全方位型政党到卡特尔型政党

摘要

Party organizations are not monolithic structures, which have been transforming into a variety of organizational models upon distinct societal, political, cultural and economic contexts. That implies the gradual adaptability of parties, instead of the decline or failure of party capacity. Party typologies of Duverger, Kirchheimer and Katz and Mair, as the most well-known and agreed classic paradigms, which have played a key role in analyzing the changes of party organizations. The thesis aims to make a historical track of these three typologies of party organizations and highlight their influences on one another. It will help us much better understand the dynamics, features and interactions of various party organizations through seriously scrutinizing the transformation from the perspective of political development.%政党组织并非一成不变，随着时间的推移，以及政治、经济、社会、文化条件的变迁，政党组织形态会发生相应改变，这意味着政党的适应性而非衰落。从20世纪50年代群众型政党到60年代全方位型政党，再到90年代卡特尔型政党，构成了政党类型学的三种基本范式，并对政党学研究产生重大影响。本文尝试从政治发展角度对这三种研究范式进行简单梳理，以加深对政党组织变化的理解。