正常儿童普通话词汇相邻性词表言语测听结果分析

摘要

目的 从词汇学及语言学方面分析正常儿童言语识别的发育特征.方法 随机抽取同一幼儿园中4～、5～、6～6.9岁三个年龄组正常听力儿童各39、33、24名,以普通话词汇相邻性词表(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,M-LNT)为测试材料,采用录音给声后听说复述的方式进行言语识别率测试,分析各年龄儿童不同词表的言语识别率以及声母和声调的错误特征.结果 同一年龄组双音节词得分高于单音节词(P<0.05).难词和易词表得分随年龄增长而提高,4～岁和5～岁组间得分差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.017),5～岁组和6～6.9岁组之间无显著差异(P>0.017).4～岁组儿童声母错误率>10%者依次为z、c、s、p、n、r、ch、l、zh、b、g、t;5～岁组儿童声母错误率>10%者依次为p、s、n、z、c、ch、r、zh;6～6.9岁组儿童声母错误率>10%者为n和ch.声调的错误现象在4～岁组儿童的发生率很低,在6～6.9岁组没有发生.结论 年龄及词汇语音学因素对儿童言语测试得分有显著影响.从发音方式看,通音错误率最高,塞擦音错误率最低;从发音部位看,卷舌音错误率最高,唇齿音错误率最低,声调习得最早.%Objective By Mandarin lexical neighborhood test in normal hearing (NH) children, to analyze the effect of lexicological- phonetic characteristics and age, and characteristic of error initial consonant and tone in order to provide reference standard for children who use hearing aids. Methods 96 NH children(4 to 6.9year old) selected randomly from the same kindergarten, were divided into three different age groups by 1- year intervals. Using Mandarin Lexical Neighborhood as test materials, the repeat of the children were recorded and analyze them by statistics. Results In the same age group, the score of disyllables was better than monosyllables ,which was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Along with age the score of easy and hard words improve increasingly. There was statistically significant different(P＜0. 017) between the age group 4 and 5 years old, while there was no significant difference (P＞0. 017) between group 5 and to 6.9 years old group. For vocabulary score, there was significant difference between the group 5 and 6 year old. For the group of 4 years old, the initial consonant had relatively high error rate (10％), which were z, c, s, p, n, 1, zh, ch, b, g, t; n, p, s, c, ch, z, zh, r had relativelyhigh error rate (10％) in 5 year old group children and only n and ch in the group of 6 years old. The tone error in groups of children aged 4 years was low and the six year old group did not happen. Conclusion Both age and lexicological-phonetic had significant impact on for speech testing scores. According to the pronouncing method, error rate of affricates was lowest and approximant was highest. According to the pronouncing position, the error rate of retroflex was highest and dentilabial and dentilabial was lowest. The acquisition of tone was the earliest.