垃圾焚烧二恶英环境暴露的数值模拟研究进展

摘要

The numerical simulation research progress of dioxin was reviewed by garbage burning affecting on the periphery environment medium. When the assessment of dioxin from the waste incineration plant emissions on the influence and exposure risk of the periphery environment , atmospheric diffusion mode could not only reflect the impact of the source emissions on scope and intensity of the peripheral environment quantitatively from the space, but also identify the location and distance of larger concentration landing in the environment. After mastering the discharge list of characteristics pollutants such as PCDD/Fs and PCBs and conventional pollutants in the simulation regional, the CMAQ model has an advantage for studying atmospheric composite pollution in a certain area. Under ignoring the adsorption and concentrates between dioxin and aerosol particles, and reactions with other atmospheric elements, the research about using the ISCST3 model ( a department of ISC3) to estimate toxic pollutant risk could be mature. Multi-media source model is mainly used to assess the fate of contaminants in an area between the multiphase medium exchange process, and determine the ultimate fate of pollutants, but it is not easy to contaminants from the space to reflect the distribution extent and intensity; and source apportionment model is mainly based on various sources estimate receptor to view the contribution of the receptor. We believe that, in actual application, the joint use of multiple models to simulate dioxin environmental exposure, combining with the environmental monitoring means closely, and establishing check methods of monitoring data to the simulation results, are the focus in the future.%回顾了垃圾焚烧二恶英排放对周边环境介质暴露的数值模拟研究进展情况.在评估垃圾焚烧厂排放的二恶英对周边环境的影响和暴露风险时,选用大气扩散模式不仅可以从空间上定量地反映源排放对周边环境影响的范围和强度,还可以识别出环境中较大落地浓度所在位置和距离；在掌握模拟区域的PCDD/Fs和PCBs等特征污染物排放清单以及常规污染物清单的基础上,采用CMAQ模型对于研究某一区域内大气复合污染方面具有优势；在忽略二恶英与气溶胶颗粒间的吸附和富集作用、与其他大气成分间的化学反应的情况下,采用ISC3的ISCST3模型开展毒性污染物风险评估的研究较为成熟.多介质源归趋模型主要用于评估一个区域内污染物在多相介质间的交换过程,并确定污染物的最终去向,但它不易于从空间上反映污染物的分布及影响范围和强度等；而源解析模型则主要基于受体角度估计各种排放源对受体的贡献率.因此,在实际应用中联合使用多种模型对二恶英环境暴露水平进行模拟,并紧密结合环境监测手段,建立起监测数据对模拟结果有效性检验的方法,是今后该研究应关注的重点.