[目的]研究秸秆还田对小麦、玉米一年两熟制下淮北地区砂姜黑土微生物量氮、土壤氮素养分及土壤酶活性的影响,同时探索发展低碳农业、构建资源节约型和环境友好型农业,为实现粮食生产的可持续发展提供理论依据.[方法]通过多年的田间定位试验,并且结合室内分析.[结果]小麦、玉米秸秆能显著提高土壤的全氮含量、土壤脲酶活性和土壤微生物量氮含量.与对照相比,小麦、玉米秸秆还田不施肥处理在2010年小麦播种期、拔节期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期和2011年玉米播种期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期、收获期土壤脲酶的活性增幅分别为21.93％ 、4.92％、35.88％、4.71％、21.79％、0.99％、31.52％、21.77％、8.52％、3.74％、12.89％,小麦、玉米秸秆还田加施肥能显著提高土壤脲酶活性.小麦、玉米秸秆还田不施肥处理的土壤微生物量氮含量比单独施肥处理高出19.32％.[结论]秸秆还田是提高土壤微生物量氮的关键因素.%The effects of straw returning on soil urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen were studied to provide a basis for exploring the development of low carbon agriculture,building a resource-conserving and environment friendly agriculture,and realizing the sustainable development of grain production.[Method] Located trails were carried out for a few years and the office analysis methods were used.[Result] The wheat and maize straw returning could obviously increase the total nitrogen content,the urease activity and the microbial biomass nitrogen of the soil.During che growth periods from wheat seeding time to maize harvest time,compared with CK,the soil urease activities of the treatment (wheat and maize straw returning but no fertilizing) were separately increased from 21.93％ to 12.89％.Wheat and maize straw returning with fertilization could obviously increase the activity of soil urease.Meanwhile,the soil microbial biomass nitrogen of the treatment (wheat and maize straw returning with no fertilization) was more than 19.32％ compared with the one of fertilizing.[Conclusion] The straw returning was the key factor of the increase of the soil urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen.
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