《义务教育标准法》与日本义务教育的均衡发展

摘要

The Law of Compulsory Education Standards was issued in 1958 in the background of unbalanced development of compulsory education, which stipulated the class size and the standard of the number of teachers in compulsory education schools. In the last 40 years or so, as a result of implementing the law, the class size has been reduced from over 50 to 40 pupils per class, and the gaps between rich areas and poor areas has been narrowed in national funding.%第二次世界大战后日本的义务教育何以实现了均衡发展，其答案至今仍有讨论的余地。1958年颁布的《义务教育标准法》在半个世纪以来与《义务教育费国库负担法》等法律相配合，为中央财政支持义务教育提供了可操作的机制，甚至实现了国家对落后地区更多的教育投入。与此同时，日本通过降低生师比提高了义务教育质量。《义务教育标准法》在日本义务教育均衡发展上发挥了重要作用。