动物“创作成果”的民事法律关系三要素分析

摘要

Animals’ creations just meet the formal requirements of work, but do not meet the substantial elements; therefore, they cannot be protected by copyright law as works. Their creations belong to the immaterial information in nature, and are eligible for propertilization. As irrational creatures, that animals become legal subjects have obstacles both in theory and practice. However, animals are not equal to ordinary authoring tools, they have thinking ability. Thus their "creations" cannot be directly attributable to their keeper or administrator. The standard of ownership is substantial investment to animals’ "creations". In consideration of animals’ "creations" consistent with such information protected by copyright law in performance forms, this article recommends to adopt neighboring right mode.%动物“创作成果”只符合作品的形式要件，不符合作品的实质要件，因而，不是著作权法所规范的作品。其在性质上属于非物质性的信息，并符合财产化条件。动物作为非理性生物成为法律主体，在理论和实践方面均有障碍。但是，动物又不同于作为创作工具的一般物，它具有思维能力，因而，其“创作成果”不能直接归属于动物的饲养人或管理人。权利归属的标准是对动物“创作成果”有实质性投资。基于动物“创作成果”与著作权法保护信息在表现形式上的一致性，建议采取邻接权保护模式。